Abstract
Functionalization of boron nitride (BN) materials with hydroxyls has attracted great attention to accomplish better performances at micro- and nanoscale. BN surface hydroxylation, in fact, induces a change in properties and allows expanding the fields of application. In this review, we have summarized the state-of-the-art in developing hydroxylated bulk and nanoscale BN materials. The different synthesis routes to develop hydroxyl BN have been critically discussed. What emerges is the great variety of possible strategies to achieve BN hydroxylation, which, in turn, represents one of the most suitable methods to improve the solubility of BN nanomaterials. The improved stability of BN solutions creates conditions for producing high-quality nanocomposites. Furthermore, new interesting optical and electronic properties may arise from the functionalization by OH groups as displayed by a wide range of both theoretical and experimental studies. After the presentation of the most significant systems and methodologies, we question of future perspective and important trends of the next generation BN materials as well as the possible areas of advanced research.Graphical abstractHydroxyl functionalization of boron nitride materials is a key method to control and enhance the properties and design new functional applications.
Highlights
The remarkable properties exhibited by boron nitride-based (BN) nanomaterials have attracted much attention and have risen the expectations of new breakthrough applications
What emerges is the great variety of possible strategies to achieve BN hydroxylation, which, in turn, represents one of the most suitable methods to improve the solubility of BN nanomaterials
Similar to carbon system, BNs exist in four different polymorphs: graphite-like hexagonal BN (h-BN) and rhombohedral (r-BN), diamond-like cubic BN (c-BN) and wurtzite BN (w-BN) [1, 2]
Summary
The remarkable properties exhibited by boron nitride-based (BN) nanomaterials have attracted much attention and have risen the expectations of new breakthrough applications. Similar to carbon system, BNs exist in four different polymorphs: graphite-like hexagonal BN (h-BN) and rhombohedral (r-BN), diamond-like cubic BN (c-BN) and wurtzite BN (w-BN) [1, 2]. H-BN has shown excellent properties, such as outstanding mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity, and excellent lubrication. 2D h-BN has a layered structure similar to graphene (see Fig. 1a). Graphene is a kind of honeycomb crystals with sp hybridized carbon atoms, and the hexagonal geometry endows it with a very stable structure. Weak Van der Waals bonds between different planes keep together the h-BN 2D layers, to graphite; the B–N bond has a slight ionic character in comparison with the covalent C–C bond of graphite
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