Abstract
In this work, we described the use of self-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes (SDTNT), self-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes modified by Pt electrodeposition (SDTNT/Pt), and dimensionally stable anode (DSA®) for electro-, photo- and photo-electro-oxidation of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in 0.1 mol L−1 Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. XRD measurements showed a TiO2-anatase crystalline phase, in agreement with Raman data, with a typical band gap value of 3.2 eV and SDTNT/Pt presented a value of 2.82 eV. After 120 min of polarization, both electrodes, SDTNT and SDTNT/Pt were able to oxidize the hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ), in both electrochemical and photoelectrochemical experiments, these electrodes, when compared with the DSA® electrode, showed superior activity in HCQ degradation, which presented the following kinetics constants 0.0476 and 0.0229 min−1, respectively during the photoelectrochemical experiments. The lower SDTNT/Pt electrode performance is attributed to the increase in electron/hole recombination, which decreases the electrode photoactivity. This recombination effect also influenced the TOC abatement, making the SDTNT electrode 49.5% (TOCabatement = 79.7%) more effective on HCQ mineralization when compared to the SDTNT/Pt electrode (TOCabatement = 53.3%). The self-doped TiO2 nanotube electrodes are a promising material for hydroxychloroquine sulfate degradation.
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