Abstract
Synthetic hydroxyapatite-based solution is a bioinspired material that may present anti-adhesive properties, restraining the dental biofilm formation without causing adverse effects. This in situ study aims to evaluate the effects of three different hydroxyapatite (HAP) watery solutions as a mouthwash against biofilm adhesion on different dental material surfaces under oral conditions. Hence, four volunteers carried maxillary splints containing enamel, titanium, ceramics, and polymethyl-methacrylate resin (PMMA) samples. Three HAP watery solutions (5%) were prepared with HAP particles presenting different shapes and sizes (HAP I, HAP II, HAP III). During 24 h, the volunteers rinsed two times with one of the following selected tested solution: HAP I, HAP II, HAP III, water, or chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX). The first rinse was performed 3 min after pellicle formation; the second rinse occurred after a 12 h interval. The surface analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Statistical and microscopic analysis showed that most samples treated with any HAP solution revealed reduced biofilm coverage presenting comparable results to CHX treated samples, however without altering the microorganisms’ viability. In conclusion, the results of this investigation showed that a pure hydroxyapatite-based mouthrinse could be a promising bioinspired adjunct solution for biofilm management.
Highlights
The biofilm is a microbial community embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix.It is composed of various bacterial species adherent to each other [1]
Most samples treated with any of the three HAP solutions showed lower biofilm coverage, without significant difference from chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX) treated samples, except for the titanium and ceramic samples rinsed with HAP III
Ceramics and titanium specimens presented an inferior quantity of microorganisms than enamel or polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA) when rinsing with any HAP solution
Summary
The biofilm is a microbial community embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. It is composed of various bacterial species adherent to each other [1]. Biofilm formation starts by adherence of bacteria to the acquired pellicle. The acquired pellicle is a proteinaceous film which is formed on the natural enamel and on any surface in a few seconds after exposure to the intraoral environment, such as dental materials used in oral rehabilitation, like restorations, implants, crowns, and prosthetic/orthodontics appliances [1,2]. All surfaces in contact to the intraoral environment are prone to biofilm formation. Mechanical treatment is the standard strategy to control biofilm formation and accumulation. To improve the biofilm control, the use of adjunct treatments should be implemented when indicated
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