Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products-A Review.

Lijie Chen,Amin Shavandi,Suma Al-Bayatee,Zohaib Khurshid,Paul Brunton,Jithendra Ratnayake

doi:10.3390/ma14174865

Lijie Chen, Amin Shavandi + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174865

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Abstract

Calcium phosphate compounds form the inorganic phases of our mineralised tissues such as bone and teeth, playing an important role in hard tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In dentistry and oral care products, hydroxyapatite (HA) is a stable and biocompatible calcium phosphate with low solubility being used for various applications such as tooth remineralisation, reduction of tooth sensitivity, oral biofilm control, and tooth whitening. Clinical data on these products is limited with varied results; additionally, the effectiveness of these apatite compounds versus fluoride, which has conventionally been used in toothpaste, has not been established. Therefore, this review critically evaluates current research on HA oral care, and discusses the role and mechanism of HA in remineralisation of both enamel and dentine and for suppressing dentine sensitivity. Furthermore, we position HA’s role in biofilm management and highlight the role of HA in dental applications by summarising the recent achievement and providing an overview of commercialised HA dental products. The review also indicates the existing limitations and provides direction for future research and commercialisation of apatite-based oral care products.

Highlights

Results may be The attributed to the intra-oral exposure the of stability, solubility, and strength of the HA, aiding the remineralisation potential of biological variables such as intra-oral clearance of theinproduct, lack of particle aggregaenamel surface lesions and in preventing biofilm formation
Is another calcium phosphate system as it can emerge as a transhowed that both
HA’s resemblance to natural enamel and dentine has been a focus in recent years, highlighting its bioactive and non-toxic properties. Both micro and nano-HA are used in oral care products including mouth rinses and toothpastes with various claims, including remineralisation, biofilm management, dentine hypersensitivity, and teeth whitening

Summary

Introduction

Dental caries is a global disease affecting all ages and sectors of the population. According to a study by The Global Burden of Disease in 2017, it is estimated that 2.3 billion people suffer from caries of permanent teeth and more than 530 million children suffer from caries of primary teeth [2]. Untreated caries can progress into the tooth pulp, lead to dental abscesses, cause significant pain and suffering, and tooth loss [1]. Dental caries is caused by the action of acids on the enamel surface. The acids are produced as a byproduct from bacteria in the dental biofilm (plaque) metabolising the sugars in foods or drinks [1]. The produced acid leads to a loss of calcium and phosphate from the enamel; this process is called demineralization [1].

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