Hydroxyapatite Block Produced by Sponge Replica Method: Mechanical, Clinical and Histologic Observations.

Antonio Scarano,Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan,Antonio Licciulli,Pablo Santos De Oliveira,Felice Lorusso

doi:10.3390/ma12193079

Antonio Scarano, Sanosh Kunjalukkal Padmanabhan + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193079

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Journal: Materials	Publication Date: Sep 21, 2019
Citations: 10	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Chieti-Pescara, University of Salento

Abstract

Purpose: The grafting procedure for the anthropic ridges of jaws represents a surgical technique for increasing the bone volume to permit the placement of dental implants for oral rehabilitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate a hydroxyapatite (HA) porous scaffold produced via a sponge replica method for the treatment of maxillary bone defects in a human model. Methods: A total of thirteen patients were treated for sinus lifting in the posterior maxilla for a total of 16 defects treated with cylindrical HA Block. The experimental sites were evaluated by a 3D Cone Beam Computer Tomography scan (CBCT), and the histological analysis was performed after 3 months of healing. Results: After the 3 months healing period, the histological outcome of the investigation showed a high level of biological osteoconduction of the HA. Microscopical evidence of new bone formation was also observed in the central portion of the graft block. The samples were composed of different tissues: 39 ± 1% new bone, 42 ± 3% marrow space, 17 ± 3% residual HA Block and 4.02 ± 2% osteoid tissue were present. The new bone formation in the block was 8 ± 3%. Conclusions: The study findings support that HA porous scaffolds produced by sponge replica were effective for the treatment of maxillary bone defects in humans.

Highlights

The regeneration of extended and complex defects of the maxilla or mandible alveolar bone is a frequent requirement prior to implant treatment [1,2]
The grafting materials used in clinical practice were: autologous bone, calcium sulfate, bioglass, coralline calcium carbonate, polylactide-polyglicolide materials, hydroxyapatite, mineralized and demineralized freeze-dried allogeneic bone grafts, anorganic bovine, and synthetic polymers
The purpose of this study was to perform, on human subjects, the histological and morphometrical evaluation of biopsies retrieved from bone defects filled with hydroxyapatite block obtained by a sponge replica method, after 3 months of healing

Summary

Introduction

The regeneration of extended and complex defects of the maxilla or mandible alveolar bone is a frequent requirement prior to implant treatment [1,2]. Different biological and synthetic bone substitute biomaterials have been proposed for the regeneration of bone defects [3]. Current bone regeneration includes the use of block grafts or particulate biomaterials with or without a barrier membrane [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. An autogenous bone graft is considered ideal, a limited availability of materials from the intraoral donor site and the severe pain at the bone graft donor site, such as infection or morbidity and haemorrhage, make it challenging [10,11].

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