Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in bone tissue engineering for its bioactivity and biocompatibility, and a growing number of researchers are exploring ways to improve the physical properties and biological functions of hydroxyapatite. Up to now, HA has been used as inorganic building blocks for tissue engineering or as nanofillers to blend with polymers, furthermore, various methods such as ion doping or surface modification have been also reported to prepare functionalized HA. In this review, we try to give a brief and comprehensive introduction about HA-based materials, including ion-doped HA, HA/polymer composites and surface modified HA and their applications in bone tissue engineering. In addition, the prospective of HA is also discussed. This review may be helpful for researchers to get a general understanding about the development of hydroxyapatite based materials.
Highlights
Based Materials for Bone TissueBone defects resulting from tumors, trauma or abnormal development frequently require surgical intervention requiring bone grafts
When carboxyethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) modified HA(C-HA) was blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), the results showed that C-HA dispersed homogeneously in the PLLA
When the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) modified HA (HA-BMP) was blended with gelatin methacrylamide and four-armed PEG methacrylamide, the BMP-2 may increase the phase interaction between HA and polymer chains via hydrogen bounding; more importantly, when the composite was implanted in a rat skull defect model, the new bone volume and osteogenesis rate were as high as 50.54 ± 13.51 mm and 64.38 ± 17.22%, respectively, showing great potential in bone regeneration therapy [146]
Summary
Bone defects resulting from tumors, trauma or abnormal development frequently require surgical intervention requiring bone grafts. Many reviews on hydroxyapatite have been published, and most of them focus on the application and preparation of HA [12,13,14,15] Both physicians and Engineering: A Brief and Comprehensive Introduction. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Such as brittleness and easy aggregation still exist [11]; there is still a long way to go to prepare satisfying HA-based materials.
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