Abstract
We review a recently discovered white spruce (Picea glauca) chemical defense against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) involving hydroxyacetophenones. These defense metabolites detected in the foliage accumulate variably as the aglycons, piceol and pungenol, or the corresponding glucosides, picein and pungenin. We summarize current knowledge of the genetic, genomic, molecular, and biochemical underpinnings of this defense and its effects on C. fumiferana. We present an update with new results on the ontogenic variation and the phenological window of this defense, including analysis of transcript responses in P. glauca to C. fumiferana herbivory. We also discuss this chemical defense from an evolutionary and a breeding context.
Highlights
A chemical defense against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) involving the accumulation of hydroxyacetophenones, piceol (4-hydroxyacetophenone) and pungenol (3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone), was recently characterized in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Mageroy et al, 2015)
We present new results including a comparison of the impact of C. fumiferana feeding on the transcriptome in resistant (R) and susceptible (S, or nonresistant, N-R, in previous publications) P. glauca (Section 4)
A similar case may be present with the production of hydroxyacetophenones, and to support this hypothesis, we summarize new data showing that the biosynthesis of hydroxyacetophenones varies between seedlings, juveniles, and mature P. glauca as determined by accumulation levels in currentyear foliage (Table 1)
Summary
Parent1,2,3 | Claudia Méndez-Espinoza1,2,4 | Isabelle Giguère1,2 | Melissa H. Mageroy5,6 | Martin Charest1 | Éric Bauce1 | Joerg Bohlmann5 | John J. Funding information Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche Québécois Nature et Technologies
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