Abstract
The content of two hydroxamic acids, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), in cultivated and wild species of Gramineae was determined. Zea mays and Triticum durum contained both DIBOA and DIMBOA, the latter being in greater concentrations. Secale cereale and Arundo donax contained only DIBOA, while Elymus gayanus and Chusquea cumingii contained only DIMBOA. Poa annua, Bromus unioloides, Dactylis glomerate, Phalaris canariense, Lolium perenne, Hordeum species, Setaria verticilata, Cynodon dactylon and a Sorghum hybrid lacked these hydroxamic acids. The maximum concentration of hydroxamic acid in A. donax was found at the end of summer, and the minimum at the beginning of winter. In annual plants, such as wheat, while neither acid was found in the fruits, their concentrations in coleoptiles and leaves increased rapidly reaching a maximum 4 days after germination and decreasing gradually afterwards. DIBOA and DIMBOA had toxic and feeding deterrent effects on the greenbug Schizaphis graminum at concentrations similar to those found in both cultivated and wild Gramineae.
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