Abstract
Manganese-containing hydrochars were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization process of Fraxinus mandshurica sawdust in the presence of KMnO4 or MnSO4. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The characterization results indicated that the structure, composition and surface properties of the products were dependent on the type of manganese compounds. The introduction of Mn into hydrochar increased its surface area and pore volume. The manganese-containing hydrochar (M7HC) prepared with KMnO4 was a mixture of Mn3O4, MnCO3 and carbon with low graphitization degree. Adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of various factors such as pH, contact time and initial concentration on the adsorption of Pb(II). The kinetic data and the thermodynamic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second order model and Langmuir model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) on M7HC was found to be 95.05 mg/g. The results showed that M7HC could be effectively used as a promising cheap adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
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