Abstract
In this study, carbon mesospheres (CMS) and iron oxide nanoparticles decorated on carbon mesospheres (Fe2O3-CMS) were effectively synthesized by a direct and simple hydrothermal approach. α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been successfully dispersed in situ on a CMS surface. The nanoparticles obtained have been characterized by employing different analytical techniques encompassing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The produced carbon mesospheres, mostly spherical in shape, exhibited an average size of 334.5 nm, whereas that of Fe2O3 supported on CMS is at around 80 nm. The catalytic effect of the nanocatalyst on the thermal behavior of cellulose nitrate (NC) was investigated by utilizing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The determination of kinetic parameters has been carried out using four isoconversional kinetic methods based on DSC data obtained at various heating rates. It is demonstrated that Fe2O3-CMS have a minor influence on the decomposition temperature of NC, while a noticeable diminution of the activation energy is acquired. In contrast, pure CMS have a slight stabilizing effect with an increase of apparent activation energy. Furthermore, the decomposition reaction mechanism of NC is affected by the introduction of the nano-catalyst. Lastly, we can infer that Fe2O3-CMS may be securely employed as an effective catalyst for the thermal decomposition of NC.
Highlights
Cellulose nitrate, known as nitrocellulose (NC), is one of a main components of gun powder and solid propellants [1,2,3]
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Tinhge tphaertiircolne soixziedoefntahneospuaprtpicolretse.d Fe2O3 nanoparticles is around 80 nm (Figure S3 and Table S2). These results further indicate that the extern surface of carbon mesospheres act as a template for growing the iron oxide nanoparticles
Summary
Known as nitrocellulose (NC), is one of a main components of gun powder and solid propellants [1,2,3] It has been widely investigated owing its thermal decomposition features, such as the decomposition temperature, activation energy, and reaction decomposition mechanism, notably influence the combustion behavior and/or performance characteristics of NC-based formulations [4,5]. A good dispersion of these nanomaterials using catalytic supports has drawn more attention from the scientific community Such an efficient approach may reduce the self-aggregation drawbacks of nanoparticles and allows exploring and fully benefiting from the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles compared to bulk materials. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 968 parameters, i.e., the activation energy (Ea), the pre-exponential factor (A) and reaction model were computed through the isoconversional analysis using four kinetic methods, explicitly, it-FWO (iterative Flynn–Wall–Ozawa), it-KAS (iterative Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose), TAS (Trache–Abdelaziz–Siwani), and Vyazovkin’s equation
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