Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate from Cuttlebone Assisted by the Biosurfactant L-rhamnose Monohydrate for Biomedical Materials

Thamonwan Tattanon,Sarute Ummartyotin,Thirawudh Pongprayoon,Premjit Arpornmaeklong

doi:10.3390/chemengineering5040088

Thamonwan Tattanon, Sarute Ummartyotin + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5040088

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Abstract

The motivation of this research work is to develop novel medical material from cuttlebone (calcium source) by L-rhamnose monohydrate (biosurfactant) for aged people. The process can be synthesized biphasic calcium phosphate which is eco-friendly to environment. One of the most important aspects for this work is to use cuttlebone as a naturally occurring calcium source from a local beach in Thailand. It usually contains 90% calcium carbonate. The objective of this research work is to synthesize the biphasic calcium phosphate by hydrothermal reaction. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of 10, 20, 100, 500 and 1000 of L-rhamnose monohydrate were used to control particle size and shape. XRD revealed a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite powder. SEM reported that the size of particles can be effectively controlled by the addition of L-rhamnose monohydrate, and with the addition of surfactant, size uniformity was achieved. The cytotoxicity test was reported to be in the range of 70–75%. It was remarkable to note that biphasic calcium phosphate synthesized from cuttlebone with the aid of L-rhamnose monohydrate will be considered an excellent candidate as a scaffold material.

Highlights

An aging society exists, which is typically defined as the fraction of older people in the entire population reaching 20% [1]
Cuttlebone from the collection on the Thailand beach was used as the raw material to synthesize biphasic calcium phosphate
Biphasic calcium phosphate was successfully synthesized from cuttlebone as the biomaterial precursor

Summary

Introduction

An aging society exists, which is typically defined as the fraction of older people in the entire population reaching 20% [1]. With the exponential increase in elderly people, the demand for health care is growing. One of the most important issues for older people is bone deterioration. The development of biobased materials has been evident until the present time. Numerous types of biomaterials have been improved from naturally occurring and synthetic routes. The utilization of biomaterials has been strongly employed in various research sectors, such as medical devices, pharmaceutical technology and dental materials. The development of biomaterials in medical research has been favorable. The use of biomaterials was encouraged due to naturally occurring resources and abundant availability [2,3].

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