Abstract
We reported a highly efficient conversion of ethanol to 1-butanol under hydrothermal conditions with commercial cobalt (Co) metal powder as a recyclable and inexpensive catalyst. The possible reaction pathways were explored. Moreover, it has been found that sodium bicarbonate is better than sodium hydroxide for the Guerbet reaction because the former led to less corrosion of reaction vessels and blocked the oxidation of the ethanol to acetic acid.
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