Hydrothermal properties with entropy generation effects on a hybrid nanofluid considering thermal radiation on a stretching/shrinking sheet

Abstract

Heat transfer efficiency is a significant area of modern research because it is used in a variety of engineering domains, improving the performance of thermal systems such as solar collectors. In this article, a statistical optimization of hybrid nanofluid flow through a stretching/shrinking inclined surface inside the solar-powered ship with entropy generation is investigated by utilizing copper and alumina as a tinny-sized nanomaterial in base fluid water. Copper is also corrosion-resistant with a high thermal conductivity that can be useful in marine environments where salted water and humidity damage the other materials. Coating or a catalyst for solar thermal systems aluminum oxide can be utilized to generate steam or hot water by using the heat coming from the sun. The significance of thermal radiation is considered as the heat source. The developed mathematical model in the form of the partial differential equation is transformed to nonlinear coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables. The reduced equations are solved numerically by applying the shooting algorithm with the bvp4c tool of MATLAB. The surface response methodology is utilized for the statistical optimization of experimental design parameters. The entropy generation rises with the increase of Reynolds number and Brinkmann number. The highest entropy value is found for the Cu-Al2O3/water with λ = 1.0 for Re = 15 and Br = 15. No significant change is reported in the local Nusselt number for changing the Eckert number value. The Response Surface Modeling (RSM) result shows that the experimental input parameter rises with “a factor.”