Abstract
A green extraction process using only water was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of alginate and bioactive compounds from Laminaria ochroleuca. Operation was carried out during non-isothermal heating up to maximal temperatures over the range of 70 °C to 100 °C. Once separated, the alginate and the crude extract were characterised and the biological activities and cytotoxicity of the extracts was studied, the latter in intestinal epithelial cells. Those alginates obtained at 90 °C exhibited the highest extraction yields and viscoelastic features of the corresponding hydrogels. The obtained results show that the extracts obtained by non-isothermal extraction were suitable to formulate nanoparticles, which showed the smallest size (≈250–350 nm) when the higher content of fucoidan extract was present. Given the evidenced properties, the extracts may find an application in the formulation of nanoparticulate carriers for drug delivery.
Highlights
Algae have been part of the diet in Asian countries and, nowadays, more countries are progressively introducing seaweeds into food applications, due to their biological properties.The commercial interest of gelling components is increasing, and algae are great sources of such substances
At 24 h, the cell viability induced by the extracts obtained at 70 ◦ C
The composition and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were evaluated and the ability of the crude fucoidan extracts to be used as a nanoparticle matrix upon complexation with CS was evidenced
Summary
Algae have been part of the diet in Asian countries and, nowadays, more countries are progressively introducing seaweeds into food applications, due to their biological properties.The commercial interest of gelling components is increasing, and algae are great sources of such substances. Laminaria ochroleuca is an edible brown seaweed, known as Kombu, with valuable nutrients such as proteins, minerals and unsaturated fatty acids [1], as well as bioactive phenolics such as phlorethols, fucophlorethols and fuhalols [2]. This seaweed further provides polysaccharides, including alginate, which is interesting for its gelling properties; laminarin, which shows immunomodulatory properties and apoptotic action in cancer cells [3]; and fucoidans, which have increasing applications based on varied biological features [4].
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