Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is emerging as a most promising technology to effectively manage the extensively produced sewage sludge by converting it into high energy density bio-coal and bio-products. The main objective of the current review is to briefly compare the existing sewage sludge management solutions with the HTC process. Also, this review clearly explains the effectiveness of HTC in terms of environmental sustainability, considering the existing legislation (European and national level (Germany)). Further, an attempt is made to explain the eco-innovative strategies of HTC to fulfill the principle concept of the circular economy “from waste to resource” as the most suitable waste management approach. The importance of sewage sludge as a valuable resource of matter and energy has been highly appreciated. Besides updating the knowledge on the effectiveness of HTC as a technology to manage sewage sludge, this review briefly summarizes economically the feasibility and specifies some of the most appropriate future research prospects for the technical development of HTC in sewage sludge management.
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