Abstract
The utilization of one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process on disposable waste towels resulted in the production of carbon microspheres characterized by uniform particle sizes. By adjusting the concentration of reactants, temperature, and residence time during hydrothermal carbonization, precise control over the size and surface morphology of carbon microspheres can be achieved. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the chemical structure of carbon spheres was conducted, which enabled the formulation of a comprehensive mechanism for their formation and growth. The calculation of various morphological parameters was carried out based on the examination of carbon microspheres using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) of the carbon microspheres under different hydrothermal carbonization conditions. The correlation of two experimental parameters, four size descriptors, four morphology descriptors, and the adsorption properties were also investigated for carbon microspheres, which simplified various characterization parameters of the carbon microspheres. The analysis of the correlation between various parameters holds significant guidance in simplifying the parameters and optimizing the process.
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