Abstract
In this study, a new cavity form filled under a constant magnetic field by Ag/MgO/H2O nanofluids and porous media consistent with natural convection and total entropy is examined. The nanofluid flow is considered to be laminar and incompressible, while the advection inertia effect in the porous layer is taken into account by adopting the Darcy–Forchheimer model. The problem is explained in the dimensionless form of the governing equations and solved by the finite element method. The results of the values of Darcy (Da), Hartmann (Ha) and Rayleigh (Ra) numbers, porosity (εp), and the properties of solid volume fraction (ϕ) and flow fields were studied. The findings show that with each improvement in the Ha number, the heat transfer rate becomes more limited, and thus the magnetic field can be used as an outstanding heat transfer controller.
Highlights
Over the past two decades, as a relatively recent type of heat transfer fluid, nanofluids have attracted the interest of researchers throughout the world
To boost thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, precise heat transfer, and thermal conductivity, nanofluids apply to nanoscale particles suspended in traditional heat transfer fluids such as ethylene glycol, oil, and water
We describe the numerical outcomes for the streamlines, isotherms, and the general entropy concerning five parameters
Summary
Over the past two decades, as a relatively recent type of heat transfer fluid, nanofluids have attracted the interest of researchers throughout the world. Choi and Eastman [1] introduced nanofluids to increase the thermal transfer of cooling systems. Maxwell [2] suggested, for the first time in the nineteenth century, the key concept of retaining very tiny particles in standard fluid to obtain desired physical properties. He assumed that by dispersing metal ions in water, physical characteristics could be improved. To boost thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, precise heat transfer, and thermal conductivity, nanofluids apply to nanoscale particles suspended in traditional heat transfer fluids such as ethylene glycol, oil, and water.
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