Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative structural system consisting of four-sided hyperbolic-paraboloid (hypar) roof umbrellas as hard countermeasures against nearshore hazards. The umbrellas line the coast and remain upright during normal operation, providing shade and shelter along the waterfront while not limiting access to the shore. A hinge at the hypar-column interface permits tilting to form a physical barrier against surge-induced coastal inundation. Analytical equations based on idealized boundary conditions are formulated in the hydrostatic regime. The equations provide insight into optimal geometric parameters and are used to validate a decoupled numerical scheme constituting smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element method (FEM). All numerical reactions concur with the analytical solutions for water inundation matching the total deployed height. A proof-of-concept study was employed to successfully illustrate the applicability of deployable hypar umbrellas as coastal armor from a structural engineering perspective. This work ultimately demonstrates the feasibility of decoupled SPH-FEM methods in modeling fluid-structure interaction involving hypar forms, while establishing a foundation for their analysis and design for coastal hazard adaptation.
Highlights
The accelerating urbanization of the world’s coastlines coupled with rising sea levels driven by climate change accentuates the necessity of providing adequate countermeasures against the increasing likelihood of coastal hazards (Mooyaart and Jonkman 2017; Nicholls and Cazenave 2010)
Analytical boundary reactions were adopted to successfully validate a decoupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)-finite element method (FEM) numerical scheme implemented within DualSPHysics and OpenSees
Analytical expressions describing the boundary reactions necessary to suppress panel uplift in response to hydrostatic fluid inundation of any given height were subsequently derived
Summary
The accelerating urbanization of the world’s coastlines coupled with rising sea levels driven by climate change accentuates the necessity of providing adequate countermeasures against the increasing likelihood of coastal hazards (Mooyaart and Jonkman 2017; Nicholls and Cazenave 2010). Storm surges, tsunamis, and extreme waves often impose significant social and economic burdens upon vulnerable and increasingly interdependent communities (Small and Nicholls 2003). In the context of hard countermeasures against hazards threatening open beaches and shorelines, coastal armoring in the form of artificial dikes and seawalls has remained a popular option for centuries (Charlier et al 2005). While relatively low in cost, traditional forms of armor are frequently associated with numerous adverse social and environmental consequences. An exploration into alternative adaptable schemes to conventional static infrastructure is desirable for the promotion of social and environmental sustainability within coastal regions
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