Abstract
A novel 0.88Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.12PbTiO3 crystal/polymer composite with 2-2 connectivity is studied at variable orientations of spontaneous polarisation vector of the crystal component. Orientation and volume-fraction dependences of the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients dh*, eh*, and gh* and hydrostatic electromechanical coupling factor kh* are related to the important role of the piezoelectric and elastic anisotropy of single-domain layers of the 2-2 composite. The record value of |eh∗|≈77 C/m2 near the absolute-minimum point and the correlation between the hydrostatic (eh*) and piezoelectric (e3j*) coefficients and between the hydrostatic (gh*) and piezoelectric (g3j*) coefficients are first established. This discovery is of value for hydrostatic and piezotechnical applications. The hydrostatic performance of the composite based on the single-domain 0.88Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.12PbTiO3 crystal is compared to the performance of the 2–2 composites based on either the same polydomain crystal or the related single-domain crystal.
Highlights
The polarisation orientation effect in advanced piezo-active composites based on relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals (SCs) of (1 − x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PZN-xPT) [1,2,3] and (1 − y)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-yPbTiO3 (PMN-yPT) [3, 4] opens up new possibilities of the variation of effective parameters of the composites that are of value for modern hydroacoustic and piezotechnical applications
The 2-2 parallel-connected composite based on the single-domain PMN-0.33PT SC [4] is an example of a piezoelectric material whereby large hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients are achieved at specific orientations of the crystallographic axes and SC volume fraction
The considerable hydrostatic parameters and the anisotropy of the piezoelectric coefficients (see conditions (10) and (11)) in the composite based on the single-domain PZN-0.12PT SC are strongly connected with peculiarities of its elastic and piezoelectric properties as well as with the orientation of the spontaneous polarisation vector P(s1) with respect to the interface x1 = const (Figure 1)
Summary
The polarisation orientation effect in advanced piezo-active composites based on relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals (SCs) of (1 − x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PZN-xPT) [1,2,3] and (1 − y)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-yPbTiO3 (PMN-yPT) [3, 4] opens up new possibilities of the variation of effective parameters of the composites that are of value for modern hydroacoustic and piezotechnical applications. The anisotropic SC component with large piezoelectric coefficients (e.g., d3(1j) ∼ 103 pC/N, hereafter we use superscript “(1)” to denote electromechanical constants of the SC component) [5, 6] plays an important role in forming the piezoelectric effect of the composite and its hydrostatic piezoelectric response, as shown in recent papers on the 2-2 [1, 3, 4] and 1-3 [2] SC/polymer composites. We first study the domain effects concerned with the polarisation orientation and the hydrostatic response of the 2-2 SC/polymer composite in a wide volume fraction and orientation ranges. We discuss some advantages concerned with the hydrostatic piezoelectric coefficients of the composite based on the single-domain PZN-0.12PT SC
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