Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus, its hydrolysis residue and lignin were carried with a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) followed by online vapor catalytic upgrading with sulfated ZrO2, sulfated TiO2 and sulfated 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2. The most evident influence of the catalyst on the vapor phase composition was observed for aromatic hydrocarbons, light phenols and heavy phenols. A larger amount of light phenols was detected, especially when 60 wt.% ZrO2-TiO2 was present. Thus, a lower average molecular weight and lower viscosity of bio-oil could be obtained with this catalyst. Pyrolysis was also performed at different pressures of hydrogen. The pressure of H2 has a great effect on the overall yield and the composition of biomass vapors. The peak area percentages of both aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclo-alkanes are enhanced with the increasing of H2 pressure. The overall yields are higher with the addition of either H2 or sulfated catalysts. This is beneficial as phenols are valuable chemicals, thus, increasing the value of bio-oil. The results show that the hydrolysis residue has the potential to become a resource for phenol production.
Highlights
In recent years, the fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose for production so-called 2nd generation bio-fuels has attracted more attention
The surface of pure TiO2 is low compared to pure ZrO2
The results indicate it is more beneficial for hydrolysis residue (HR) to undergo hydro-pyrolysis or catalytic pyrolysis than the ambient pyrolysis
Summary
The fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose for production so-called 2nd generation bio-fuels has attracted more attention. Bio-oil, as the liquid product of lignocellulosic biomass fast pyrolysis, is considered to have the potential to replace fossil fuels for the production of biofuels and various chemical compounds [1]. The bio-oil possesses many undesirable properties, which prohibit the application and production. The high content of carboxylic acids leads to the corrosiveness of bio-oil. A large amount of carbonyl group compounds, such as aldehydes and ketones are mainly responsible for the bio-oil thermal instability. The high oxygen content causes the bio-oil low heating value. The poor fuel quality of bio-oil makes it hard to be used directly, and its upgrading is necessary to be carried out
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