Abstract
Hydropower refers to energy conversion from flowing water into electricity. Due to water recycling by the Sun, hydropower is widely accepted as a form of renewable energy. A sustainable project is possible only when there is appropriate planning, efficient system design to tackle societal and environmental issues, and continuous adaptation to changing conditions. It is important to update knowledge regarding the ecological and societal issues involved in setting up hydropower plants. All stakeholders’ interests and future courses of action depend on these aspects. In this chapter, information from sources such as books, journals and other publications is reviewed to provide a detailed account of extensive water management and the capacity for electrical generation from water, technological changes that have developed hydropower into a major renewable energy source, the ways in which how hydropower contributes to a comprehensive energy scenario and associated issues such as the problems of global climate change and environmental damage.
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