Abstract
Hydroponics or soilless method of cultivation, has revolutionized modern agriculture by offering a sustainable and efficient alternative to traditional soil-based farming. However, the success of hydroponic cultivation relies heavily on various factors that influence plant growth and overall system performance. This review study aims to investigate the effects of different factors on hydroponic cultivation. Factors such as light intensity, quality, and duration; nutrient composition and balance; water quality; temperature and humidity; air circulation and ventilation; growing medium; pH and electrical conductivity; plant variety and genetics; system design and maintenance; and monitoring and control were discussed. By understanding the impact of these factors, farmers and researchers can optimize their hydroponic cultivation to achieve higher yields, healthier plants, and sustainable agricultural practices. The discussion of this study will contribute to the advancement and implementation of hydroponics as a viable solution for future food production.
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