Abstract
The steady growth of inflammatory diseases of the udder in dairy cattle forces us to look for the causes of this phenomenon in the context of growing chemical pollution of the environment and feeds. Within the framework of this concept, an analysis was made of the polarity level of the three toxic impurity groups, which are commonly present in dairy cattle feeds. These impurities are presented by mycotoxins, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and persistent organic pollutants (POP). It has been determined that 46% of studied mycotoxins (n = 1500) and 100% of studied polyaromatic hydrocarbons (n = 45) and persistent organic pollutants (n = 55) are lipophilic compounds, prone to bioaccumulation. A comparative evaluation of the sorption capacity of four adsorbents of a different nature and polarity with respect to the simplest PAH, naphthalene and lipophilic estrogenic mycotoxin, zearalenone in vitro has been carried out. The highest efficiency in these experiments was demonstrated by the reversed-phase polyoctylated polysilicate hydrogel (POPSH). The use of POPSH in a herd of lactating cows significantly reduced the transfer of aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor, typical POPs from the “dirty dozen”, to the milk. The relevance of protecting the main functional systems of animals from the damaging effects of lipophilic toxins from feeds using non-polar adsorbents, and the concept of evaluating the effectiveness of various feed adsorbents for dairy cattle by their influence on the somatic cell count in the collected milk are discussed.
Highlights
It is known that inflammatory diseases of the udder, which depending on their severity, are usually referred to as subclinical or clinical mastitis, cause serious damage to agriculture [1,2]
Mycotoxins in feed for cattle, depending on the ecological niche of the source of origin, are conventionally divided into “field” ones, which are formed by phytopathogenic fungi during the period of growth and the ripening of herbaceous plants, grain and other forage crops [64,65,66,67]; “pasture” or “grazing” toxins that are produced by endophytic symbiotic fungi during the period of active vegetation and fruiting of some pasture plants in the warm season [23,68,69,70,71,72], and “storage” toxins, which are formed during the storage of plant products infected with saprophytic molds in warehouses in inappropriate storage conditions [26,54,65,67,73]
The ratio of polar, moderately polar and non-polar mycotoxins was evaluated on a database of some physico-chemical properties of mycotoxins (n = 1500) formed in this work
Summary
It is known that inflammatory diseases of the udder, which depending on their severity, are usually referred to as subclinical or clinical mastitis, cause serious damage to agriculture [1,2]. The properties inherent in the animals themselves, such as the type of animal, genetic features [8], productivity, age, number of calving/lactation, structure of the udder [9,10] etc., as well as external factors associated with the conditions of care, milking and feeding animals [1,2,3,9,10,11,12,13] are usually examined. In some regions there is a significant increase in the incidence of mastitis, especially in its subclinical form (up to 60% of the herd) [2,11]. Perhaps this might be related to the constant increase in environmental pollution that cannot but affect the quality of feed used in dairy farming
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