Abstract
Cashew gum (CG) shows promise of being useful as an agro-based raw material for the production of eco-friendly and biodegradable polymers. In this work, we modified this water-soluble polymer with alkenyl succinic anhydride in order to attach a hydrophobic group to it. The modification used two reagents: octenyl succinic anhydride and tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride. Reactions were conducted at 120 °C using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, with conversions better than 88%. Samples with degrees of substitution (DS) between 0.02 and 0.20 were made. The resulting polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, TGA, and GPC. The addition of the hydrophobe decreased the affinity of cashew gum for water absorption. Hydrophobically modified polysaccharides are often used as polymeric emulsifiers, thickeners, and compatibilizers; we anticipate that these new hydrophobically modified CGs may be used for the same applications.
Highlights
Cashew gum (CG) is obtained as an exudate from the bark of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentaleL.) [1,2,3]
Several derivatives of CG are known [3,4], but there have been few publications on CG modified with a long alkyl chain, except for one report written by us, where alkyl ketene dimer was grafted onto cashew gum with the help of 4-dimethylaminopyridine [5]
For tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride (TPSA), the structure is much more complex because it is derived from propylene tetramer, which is a mixture of different isomers
Summary
Cashew gum (CG) is obtained as an exudate from the bark of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentaleL.) [1,2,3]. It has a highly branched structure, with the main chains comprising 1,3-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units interspersed with β-1,6-linked bonds [1,2,3]. It has been used as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food formulations; as a binder, excipient, disintegrant, encapsulant, suspension and emulsion agent; even as an active ingredient in pharmaceutical applications [1,2,3]. Several derivatives of CG are known [3,4], but there have been few publications on CG modified with a long alkyl chain (providing strong hydrophobic interactions), except for one report written by us, where alkyl ketene dimer was grafted onto cashew gum with the help of 4-dimethylaminopyridine [5]
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