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Abstract
The hydrophobicity and anti-icing performance of the surfaces of some artificial hydrophobic coatings degraded after several icing and de-icing cycles. In this paper, the frost formation on the surfaces of butterfly wings from ten different species was observed, and the contact angles were measured after 0 to 6 frosting/defrosting cycles. The results show that no obvious changes in contact angle for the butterfly wing specimens were not obvious during the frosting/defrosting process. Further, the conclusion was inferred that the topography of the butterfly wing surface forms a special space structure which has a larger space inside that can accommodate more frozen droplets; this behavior prevents destruction of the structure. The findings of this study may provide a basis and new concepts for the design of novel industrially important surfaces to inhibit frost/ice growth, such as durable anti-icing coatings, which may decrease or prevent the socio-economic loss.
Highlights
Frost formation on solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature, and occurs when water vapour droplets make contact surfaces with having temperaturess lower than the freezing point of water
As apparent from this figure, the early-stage of frost formation can be separated into three distinct periods, namely: the condensation, freezing, and frost growth periods
In the example of the frosting process on a Mimathyma nycteis wing shown in Fig 5 (Images 1–5), it is apparent that numerous tiny droplets gradually formed, which caused the surface to gradually turn white after cooling
Summary
Frost formation on solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature, and occurs when water vapour droplets make contact surfaces with having temperaturess lower than the freezing point of water. Such frost formation cannot be avoided and can be detrimental. Various active methods have been developed to solve or reduce freezing adhesion hazards, which include mechanical and thermal methods to remove icing surfaces. Passive methods have been explored, including surface chemical modification methods.
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