Hydronephrosis in a Sigmoid Supernumerary Kidney

Abstract

Supernumerary kidneys are a rare developmental anomaly, often discovered incidentally or during the investigation of complications such as infections or obstructive uropathy. This case report presents a 70-year-old male patient with a sigmoid supernumerary kidney complicated by hydronephrosis and a staghorn calculus. The patient, with a history of poorly controlled hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, was admitted for febrile left lumbar pain and hemodynamic instability. Diagnostic imaging, including renal ultrasound and uro-CT, revealed a major hydronephrosis in the supernumerary kidney caused by an obstructive staghorn calculus, along with signs of advanced local infection and inflammation. This report highlights the critical role of imaging modalities, particularly uro-CT, in diagnosing renal anomalies and planning treatment. We also review the literature on the management of supernumerary kidneys, emphasizing the importance of early detection and appropriate therapeutic intervention to prevent further complications such as renal insufficiency and infection.