Abstract
A case of erythrocytosis relieved by decompression and drainage of unilateral hydronephrosis and cured by nephrectomy is reported. The remission, which was complete within the twenty-five days comprising the drainage and postnephrectomy periods, was chiefly due to depression of erythropoiesis. The characteristics and rate of remission of erythrocytosis during drainage and postnephrectomy periods were similar, suggesting that both caused withdrawal of an excessive stimulus to erythropoiesis. Since erythropoietin or its precursor may originate in the kidney, the compression of renal parenchyma by hydronephrosis and decompression by drainage could have influenced the production of erythropoietin by the affected kidney. The high incidence of congenital anomalies of the urinary tract in cases of non-neoplastic renal disease associated with erythrocytosis suggests that both a congenital anomaly and an intrarenal space-occupying lesion may be necessary for renal erythrocytosis to develop.
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