Hydromorphological Substantiation of Channel Stability of Navigable Rivers in Engineering Water Transport Regulation of River Runoff

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the problems of regulating the hydrological and channel regimes of large navigable rivers, which are currently subject to the anthropogenic influence of engineering factors. Such factors include the construction of retaining hydraulic structures - dams, dredging for the needs of river and sea transport in transit of navigable rivers, free excavation of river alluvium - the production of non-metallic building materials by various subsoil users. Another argument that cannot be ignored today is the climate-related change in the characteristics of river water runoff and alluvium runoff from the territory of the river basin. In different geographical and climatic situations, the interaction of various influence factors and their possible combinations turned out to be different. The degree of occurring changes in the hydromorphology of river channels was also different. The following should be noted as important: such changes on the rivers turned out to be objectively significant, they can be instrumentally measured using special geodetic and hydrometric instruments, have a one-way irreversible character and affect the economic conditions of various water users at a considerable distance from their location. The scientific interest of this work is limited to the field of river transport and problems of land hydrology. The bulk of the materials of this study was obtained on the basis of their own research on free and regulated rivers used in Russia, in a number of former republics of the USSR and abroad to provide shipping by inland river and coastal navigation.