Abstract
The subject of interest in this study was lead cementation with zinc from solution after conventional agitate acidic leaching of converter dust from secondary copper production. The kinetics of lead cementation from an acid solution of lead acetate using zinc powder was studied. The optimal cementation conditions for removing lead from the solution were determined to have a stirring intensity of 300 rpm, a zinc particle size distribution <0.125–0.4> mm and an ambient temperature. Under these conditions, an almost 90% efficiency in removing lead from solution was achieved. The cementation precipitate contains Pb, and a certain amount of Cu. Lead is present in the cementation precipitate in the PbO, Pb5O8 and Pb(Cu2O2) phases. The solution after cementation was also refined from copper. The solution can be used for further processing in order to obtain a marketable Zn-based product. The resulting cementation precipitate can be further processed and modified to obtain a lead-based product. A kinetic study of the process of lead cementation from solution was also carried out. Based on experimental measurements, the value of apparent activation energy (Ea) which was found to be ~18.66 kJ·mol−1, indicates that this process is diffusion controlled in the temperature range 293–333 K.
Highlights
After iron and aluminium, copper is the third most-used industrial metal [1]
Lead was recovered by cementation from industrial lead sludge solutions of urea acetate using different types of metallic iron [21] and the influence of temperature, sulphuric acid concentration and weight of sample were investigated to recovery zinc and copper from shaft furnace dust [31]
In these experiments we used a representative sample of converter dust from secondary copper production
Summary
Copper is the third most-used industrial metal [1]. Due to its excellent properties such as ductility, malleability, conductivity of electricity or heat and corrosion resistance, copper is currently irreplaceable in the field of electronics. Lead was recovered by cementation from industrial lead sludge solutions of urea acetate using different types of metallic iron [21] and the influence of temperature, sulphuric acid concentration and weight of sample were investigated to recovery zinc and copper from shaft furnace dust [31]. Leaching of lead and zinc from copper shaft furnace dust in NaOH solution is described by following Equations (1)–(3) [19]. The metals used for cementing in hydrometallurgical processing of waste materials are typically aluminium [22,23,24,25,29,41], zinc [37,39,40,43] and iron [35,36], but in one study the researchers used a copper alloy, namely brass [42]. The lead was cemented out in the precipitate, and a purified solution was acquired containing zinc for further processing
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