Abstract
Cupric solubility in the CuCl 2 -NH 4 Cl-NH 3 -H 2 O system for chloride concentrations lower than 4 molal in the temperature range 25-60 °C was studied. The experimental results show that for chloride concentration between 3.0 and 1.0 molal the cupric solubility is determined by the solubility of the cupric hydroxychloride Cu(OH) 1.5 Cl 0.5 . For a chloride concentration value of 4.0 molal, there are two cupric compounds, the hydroxychloride Cu(OH) 1.5 Cl 0.5 or the diammine chloride Cu(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , on which the solubility of Cu(II) depends, according to the temperature and the value of the ratio [NH 3 ] Total /[Cu] Total .
Highlights
During the last years, attention has been given to the ammonium chloride based hydrometallurgical processes
The range of conditions considered in this study corresponds to the ammonium chloride concentrations lower than 5 molal and low or relatively low concentrations of ammonia
Solutions were prepared with concentrations higher than those permitted by the solubility at the chosen temperature
Summary
Attention has been given to the ammonium chloride based hydrometallurgical processes. Aqueous solutions of high concentration of ammonium chloride are a very interesting leaching médium, being especially appropriate for the treatment of complex raw materials of both oxide and sulphide types [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The use of this leaching médium is appropriate for the recovery of metáis such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg and Ag. During the leaching with ammonium chloride solutions, besides the solubilization of these metáis, ammonia is produced in the proportion of 2 mols of ammonia. The resultant médium of the leaching step is, in both cases, an aqueous ammoniacal ammonium chloride solution
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