Hydrolysis of bisphenol A diglycidylether by epoxide hydrolases in cytosolic and microsomal fractions of mouse liver and skin: inhibition by bis epoxycyclopentylether and the effects upon the covalent binding to mouse skin DNA.

Abstract

Synergistic interactions have been reported in the carcinogenicity of two epoxy resin components to mouse skin. A mixture of bisphenol A diglycidylether and bis epoxycyclopentylether was highly carcinogenic, despite the fact that neither compound gave positive results when applied individually. To elucidate the mechanism of this synergistic interaction we have investigated the effects of bis epoxycyclopentylether upon the hydrolysis and DNA-binding of bisphenol A diglycidylether. This glycidylether was rapidly hydrolysed by microsomal and cytosolic fractions of mouse liver and skin. In three different mouse strains the specific epoxide hydrolase activities were 28.3-48.5; 33.0-38.8; 7.9-10.2 and 0.85-0.98 nmol/mg protein/min for liver microsomal and cytosolic and skin microsomal and cytosolic fractions respectively. This is the first demonstration of an epoxide hydrolase activity in skin cytosolic fractions. Bis epoxycyclopentylether inhibited the microsomal activities. This inhibition appeared to be slightly more effective with microsomal fractions from liver. The effect of this inhibition upon the binding of bisphenol A diglycidylether to mouse skin DNA was investigated using bisphenol A diglycidylether radiolabelled at two different positions. When high doses of bisphenol A diglycidylether were applied to the mouse skin one major DNA adduct was observed which was identified as a glycidaldehyde adduct. This adduct was not detectable at the lowest bisphenol A diglycidylether dose tested, unless bis epoxycyclopentylether was applied simultaneously. These findings suggest that glycidaldehyde may be formed from bisphenol A diglycidylether. At low doses, however, the epoxide groups are hydrolysed before glycidaldehyde can be formed, unless the epoxide hydrolase is inhibited. Such inhibition and the associated increased production of glycidaldehyde may account for the potentiation of the carcinogenic response in the epoxide mixture.