Abstract
A groundwater model is needed to describe the complex groundwater confluence process of the groundwater system in karst areas. This is because surface water flows through dolines, grikes, and by other means and is directly exchanged with the groundwater. In this study, using the Xin’anjiang model, the conversion of surface water into groundwater and the influence of multiple series-parallel underground reservoirs on groundwater confluence through the generalization of dolines in karst areas were simulated. The water cycle process in the Sancha River Basin was simulated with measured data using multiobjective particle swarm optimization. Then, model parameters were validated with measured runoff data and compared with simulation results obtained using the traditional Xin’anjiang model based on its optimal parameters. The results showed that the determination coefficients of all hydrological stations over the study period were >0.76, and the Nash efficiency coefficient was >0.76, which were better than those for the improved Xin’anjiang model. Next, the simulation accuracy of the flood period in the karst area was analyzed. The model achieved a high fitting rate for the main flood peaks in a year, and the passing rate for the worst hydrological stations was 53%. Finally, the influence of karst development on the runoff was examined. The results indicate that different karst development stages and the heterogeneity of the karst in the basin have different effects on runoff.
Highlights
Karst aquifers represent approximately 12% of the continental area of Earth
Ivana Zěljković [20] established a simple rainfall-runoff model consisting of two submodels for the Opacac karst spring in Dalmatia (Croatia), and the results demonstrated that the groundwater equilibrium composition in karst areas could be estimated by adding parallel linear reservoirs to the model
The pipeline from thetransport surface to the amounts underground generally acts as aunderground, channel that we considered this part of the surface water in the model
Summary
Karst aquifers represent approximately 12% of the continental area of Earth. Approximately 25%of the global population uses drinking water from these hydrogeological systems [1]. Karst aquifers represent approximately 12% of the continental area of Earth. Water rapidly infiltrates the underground network of karst channels because there is extensive development of dissolution pores, caverns, solutional cavities, and subterranean stream systems, which causes surface-water scarcity [1,4,5,6,7,8]. Rainfall rapidly infiltrates the bedrock through discontinuous systems in the soluble rock mass, creating an underground network of conduits and caves, which is the most typical feature of karst environments [14]. To describe the runoff process in a mass-fractured medium, Yurtsever and Payne [15] modeled the nonlinear reservoir characteristics of an aquifer using three parallel linear reservoirs, and they analyzed the environmental tritium contents
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
