Abstract
The use of hydrological models allows to understand, evaluate and anticipate events of natural or man-made origin in a simpler and more economical way for the quantity and quality of resources in a hydrographic basin. The present work aims to perform a hydrological modeling in the hydrographic basin in the semiarid, using the SWAT model, to verify the influence of the use and exploitation of water production on the land. For this, the SWAT hydrological model (Soil Water Assessment Tool) was used. A study area located in the Jacaré Curitiba Basin, in Poço Redondo-SE, a semi-arid region of the state, inserted in the Caatinga biome and in the lower São Francisco. The adopted methodology was used for bibliographic survey, field work, hydrological monitoring, chemical and physical medicine of soil and soil, survey of land use and exploration, calibration and validation of hydrological model. The SWAT model successfully simulated or hydrographed the flow for the period from Nov/2015 to Jul/2018, duly calibrated and validated. As simulations of different land use scenarios, the greatest production of water in agricultural areas stands out, which can cause greater generation of sediments. The calibrated and validated SWAT model means a possibility for future studies in non-semiarid watersheds and then contributes to studies on water and soil management.
Highlights
Inadequate management of water in quality and quantity in irrigation developed in arid and semi-arid regions can be associated with impacting situations, such as soil salinity, soil erosion and environmental pollution
The sensitivity analysis was performed based on a bibliographic review and the documentation of the SWAT hydrological model (Abbaspour, 2012), and twelve parameters were selected that were used for calibration purposes (Arnold et al, 2012; Brito et al, 2017; Almeida, 2018)
The manual calibration of the parameters that influence the underground flow and runoff have been optimized. Some of these are difficult to measure, the parameters for measuring the length of time that the water moves from the deepest soil layer to the top aquifer (GW_DELAY), runoff coefficient "movement" of water from the top aquifer to unsaturated zone (GW_REVAP ), base runoff factor, rate at which groundwater returns to the river (ALPHA_BF), value of the number curve for humidity condition II (CN), available water capacity in the soil (SOL_AWC), and compensation coefficient of evaporation of water from the soil (ESCO), leading the response of the runoff to the flow variable were more sensitive because they have an effect on the simulation of the observed and simulated daily flow data
Summary
Inadequate management of water in quality and quantity in irrigation developed in arid and semi-arid regions can be associated with impacting situations, such as soil salinity, soil erosion and environmental pollution. Previous studies carried out in the region of the irrigated perimeter prove the high concentrations of salinity and sodium in the soils in the irrigated rural settlement Jacaré Curituba (Santos & Lucas, 2015, Sales et al, 2018; Lucas et al, 2019) In this context, hydrological modeling in a hydrographic basin in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil between the municipalities of Canindé do São Francisco and Poço Redondo in the State of Sergipe, more precisely in a school basin, allowed the adoption of techniques and monitoring of hydrological cycle variables. The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), was developed to understand the hydrological cycle processes, predict impacts and evaluate management practices on water resources, sediment production and agrochemicals in hydrographic basins, interpretation of the variation in use and land occupation and management practices over a long period of time (Neitsch et al, 2005). The present work aims to perform hydrological modeling in a hydrographic basin in the semiarid region, using the SWAT model, to verify the influence of land use and occupation on water production
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