Hydrological and environmental conditions as key drivers for spatial and seasonal changes in PCDD/PCDF concentrations, transport and deposition along urban cascade reservoirs

Abstract

To investigate the drivers for transport and deposition of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/PCDFs along an urban river, water samples from five reservoirs located along the river course were collected in January and July 2008. The concentrations of 17 congeners of PCDD/PCDF were determined and compared to environmental − physical, chemical and biological − conditions.The obtained data revealed that the concentration of the sum of toxic PCDDs/PCDFs in water samples differ between reservoirs as well as between seasons, ranging from 12.04pgL−1 in UP (first in the cascade) to 1327.94pgL−1 in PR (last in the cascade) during winter of 2008; and from 34.94pgL−1 in UP to 1352.50pgL−1 in TR (next to last) in summer 2008. In comparison, water samples collected from the river had a concentration several times lower at the first two sites (sites no. 1 and 4) and no detectable values at the last three stations (sites no. 7, 8, 10).The obtained data demonstrated strong or moderate correlations between the sum of 17 PCDDs/PCDFs and TEQ in reservoir water samples and physical, chemical and biological conditions, such as: Mg2+ (R=0.82; R=0.80, respectively), SO42- (R=0.80; R=0.80, respectively), K+ (R=0.80; R=0.80, respectively), Ca2+ (R=0.67, R=0.70, respectively), OSM (R=0.63, R=0.70, respectively). In addition, the positive strong correlation between TEQ concentrations and the water temperature (R=0.63) and chlorophyll a content (R=0.90) was noted. The violent weather conditions occurred during the research season with periods of intensive storm events (up to 32mm in mid July), and thus the increased river flow velocity (up to 0.45m3s−1) could have a direct and indirect influence on PCDDs/PCDFs concentration through changes in the sedimentation/resuspension ratio and consequently in transport, deposition and degradation processes along the river/reservoirs.