Abstract
The use of weather radar systems in mountainous regions comes up against major visibility problems due to (i) the interactions of the electromagnetic waves with the relief (ground clutter and screening effects) and (ii) the vertical structure of the atmospheric reflectivities (bright band, partial beam filling at cloud top). The concept of “hydrologic visibility” was proposed to designate a procedure aimed at pre-determining the quality of rain-rate measurements that a given weather radar system operating with a given scan strategy may obtain over a given hydrological catchment. A case study is presented here to illustrate the procedure for the Toce catchment (1620 km2), a high-elevation mountainous catchment in the Ticino Region, Italy, covered during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) with three research and operational weather radars (S-PoUNCAR, Ronsard/CETP, MonteLema/SMI). An inter-comparison of the performance obtained in terms of rain-rate estimation errors with the various radars and various scanning strategies is realized.
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