Abstract
Bioretention can be an effective measure for stormwater treatment. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of the impact of bioretention design parameters on hydrologic performance. Herein, SWMM and RECARGA models were applied to generate the typical annual rainfall runoff and simulate the water balance of the bioretention system in an expressway service area. The purpose of the investigation was to identify key design parameters for the bioretention system and delineate the priorities in developing the design. Results showed that the average groundwater recharge ratios for bioretention basins with and without an underdrain were 58.29% and 92.27%, respectively, the average overflow ratios were 4.13% and 4.19%, the average evapotranspiration ratios were 4.48% and 4.47%, and the average outflow ratio for bioretention with an underdrain was 33.94%. The ratio of the bioretention area to drainage area, and the saturated infiltration rates of planting soil and native soil were the main factors influencing water balance, while the underdrain diameter and gravel layer depth exerted little effect. Based on the impact analysis, multivariate nonlinear regression models of runoff reduction rate for two types of bioretention basin were established, which both exhibited high determination coefficients and acceptable Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients.
Highlights
With the rapid development of China’s expressway network, the demand for expressway service areas is increasing (Chen )
The objectives of the present study are to investigate the influence of major bioretention design parameters on water balance and runoff reduction rate under typical annual rainfall in an expressway service area, and establish the relationship between runoff reduction rate and these parameters in order to provide a theoretical reference for future bioretention design
The much higher underground discharge ratio for bioretention without an underdrain was caused by the larger saturated infiltration rate of native soil for bioretention without an underdrain, and the fact that a perforated drainage pipe was not installed, which effectively promoted the exfiltration of water
Summary
With the rapid development of China’s expressway network, the demand for expressway service areas is increasing (Chen ). Impervious areas such as roofing and hardened pavement constitute over 70% of the expressway service area, which leads to reduced rainfall infiltration and destruction of the natural hydrological balance, as well as many problems regarding rainwater discharge (Li ). (Lin ; Ye et al ), which have serious adverse impacts on the local and the regional water environments. Bioretention has been widely used to control rainwater and runoff pollution in many developed countries (Peng et al )
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