Abstract
The last few years have witnessed an enormous interest in application of GIS in hydrology and water resources. The increased interest, in a large measure, is in response to the growing public sensitivity to environmental quality and management. The GIS technology has the ability to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, and visualize the diverse sets of georeferenced data. On the other hand hydrology is inherently spatial and distributed hydrologic models have large data requirements. The integration of hydrology and GIS is therefore quite natural. The integration involves three major components: (1) spatial data construction, (2) integration of spatial model layers, and (3) GIS and model interface. GIS can assist in design, calibration, modification and comparison of models. This integration is spreading worldwide and is expected to accelerate in the foreseable future. Substantial opportunities exist in integration of GIS and hydrology. We believe there are enough challenges in the use of GIS for conceptualizing and modeling complex hydrologic processes and for globalization of hydrology. This chapter introduces GIS and discusses a range of its applications in hydrology.
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