Hydrogeology of the Skadar Lake Basin

Abstract

The Skadar Lake basin belongs to the Dinarides mountain chain, which is well-known for classical karst terrains. In this area, we find a variety of karst phenomenon, from minor landforms (karren) to large karst depressions (poljes) on the surface, as well as networks of various karst conduits and caves underground. Also, almost all hydrogeological phenomena are present in this area (typical karst springs, sublacustrine springs, intermittent springs, swallow holes and estavelles). In addition to the inflow of surface water, Skadar Lake is also recharged directly by groundwater. It flows out through numerous sublacustrine springs distributed along the littoral zone. The assessed inflow of groundwater to the lake amounts to around 55 m3/s (17% of the total water budget). If we take the mean specific yield as a comparison parameter, the Skadar Lake basin represents one of the richest basins of fresh water in the world (54 l/s/km2). However, because of the karst regime of flow characterized by large fluctuations, in summer numerous karst springs dry up, and the inflow from rivers decreases significantly. At this time of year, the importance of the lake is particularly evident, because it still retains a considerable amount of fresh water. Special attention should be paid to the protection of this water as it represents one of the most valuable natural resources in the region.