Abstract
Abstract The Quaternary and Tertiary deposits on the south coast of Portugal are distinguished by their excellent aquifer characteristics. The transmissivity of the Pleistocene-Pliocene formations reaches a maximum of 1 550 m2 d−1. In comparison the Miocene deposits are fairly good aquifers with a transmissivity of about 270 m2 d−1. Among the Holocene deposits the barrier dunes show reasonably good water-bearing qualities. The good hydraulic conductivities (19–22 m d−l) result in a flat shape of the groundwater table and fresh water flows towards the ocean. Excessive groundwater withdrawal has caused sea-water intrusion. The locations of the sea-water intrusions correspond with those centres where a spectacular growth of the tourist industry has taken place since 1968, and also with those areas where new developments in the irrigation techniques for the citrus industry have been applied. On the ocean front where sea water intrusion occurs, the thickness of the freshwater-lens has been reduced to 27–32 m.
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