Abstract
The Emam-Gheis Karst Aquifer is located in the southeast of Borujen city in Iran. The Emam-Gheis Spring with the average flow rate of about 90 L s−1 has emerged in the south of the aquifer. Seven deep drinking water wells have been drilled in the east of the aquifer (15 years ago). The spring flow rate has decreased significantly after water harvesting from the water wells began. In this study, the presence or lack of a hydraulic connection between the Emam-Gheis karst spring and its adjacent water supply wells has been investigated. The hydrogeology, water chemistry, and isotopic investigations were done in the catchment area of the spring and the wells from December 2016 to December 2017. The obtained results revealed that there were significant differences between the spring and the wells regarding the electrical conductivity, major ions concentrations, ion ratios, saturation indices (of calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and halite), and water stable isotopes. In addition, the hydrogeological investigations implied that the existence of a hydraulic connection between the spring and the wells seems unlikely. It seems that due to the excessive groundwater extraction in recent years, the groundwater level has declined in the adjacent alluvial plains. This seems to have intensified the water discharge from the karst aquifer toward the alluvial deposits and resulted in a decrease in water discharge rate at Emam-Gheis spring.
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