Abstract
Assessment of potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality and the management of groundwater systems. Groundwater Potential Zones (GPZ) are demarcated with the help of geospatial techniques. The parameters, considered for identifying the GPZ such as geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, soil maps and LULC are generated using the satellite data and toposheet. Later they are integrated with each other applying weighted overlay in ArcGIS. Suitable ranks are assigned for each category of these parameters. For the various geomorphic units, weight factors are decided based on their capability to store groundwater. This procedure is repeated for all the other layers and resultant layers are reclassified. The groundwater potential zones are classified into three categories like poor, good and excellent. The use of aforesaid methodology is demonstrated in a selected study area in Reamal Block of Deogarh District, Odisha. The thematic layers were first digitized from satellite imagery, supported by ancillary data such as toposheet, finally all thematic layers were integrated using ArcGIS software to identify the groundwater recharge potential zones for the study area and generate a map showing these groundwater recharge potential zones namely ‘poorly suitable’, to ‘most suitable’ on knowledge based weightage factors.
Highlights
In the India, the quantity and quality of groundwater have deteriorated year by year, especially in the large developing cities
The occurrence of groundwater in an area is governed by several factors, such as topography, geology, geomorphology, landuse, soil, rainfall, drainage density, and lineament density for which thematic layers are prepared for their input into a geographic information system (GIS)
The results indicate that the most effective groundwater recharge potential zone is located on the map of the study area
Summary
In the India, the quantity and quality of groundwater have deteriorated year by year, especially in the large developing cities. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) often played, at least in remote access locations, a vital role in mapping and groundwater potential and groundwater management (Singh and Singh, 2005). These days, remote sensing specialist and hydrologists confirm that remote sensing data and GIS are only used rudimentarily in their daily routine (Van De Griend and Owe, 1993). The GIS were used widely to estimate groundwater quality and transport modelling of a noncreative solute material in ground water flow, in groundwater vulnerability (Liggett and Talwar, 2009; Boughriba et al, 2010) and identification of groundwater potential zones (Elmahdy and Mohamed, 2014c)
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