Abstract
The application of remote sensing and GIS in groundwater potential characterization has been internationally acclaimed. Owo and its environment lack sufficient groundwater data that will aid proper planning and management of the resource. For this reason, the groundwater potential study of Owo and its environment within the Basement Complex was carried out using remote sensing and GIS. LANDSAT ETM + (Bands 1–8) was acquired and the acquired imageries were processed using image processing software. For drainage mapping, bands 4-3-2 were combined in a RGB (123) format. For lineament extraction, the Digital terrain model (DTM) was generated from the SRTM data. The DTM was used in extracting lineaments in the study area. Groundwater potential of the area was calculated using score values assigned to each parameter studied. Results show that the lineament distribution in the study area is polymodal with peaks between 80°–100°. The East–West fractures are most prominent, with the broad, positive correlation in frequency and length of the lineament, suggesting that they are of geological origin. Lineament density of the area shows that Owo has higher lineament density of about 0.85 km/km2 when compared other part of the study area. The density of lineament in the study area is attributable to the high fracturing that affected the Basement Complex area during the Pan-African Orogeny. In addition, the study further revealed that there are more lineament intersection around the southeastern part of Owo Township and Iyere. These areas are more favourable sites for groundwater accumulation. The drainage density map generated for the study area reveals that there are more rivers around Emure-Owo than other parts of the study area. In conclusion, the groundwater potential of the study area is from low to high.
Highlights
Groundwater resources are gaining increasing importance and they represent an increasing proportion of the water supplies used for different applications (Hernandez-Mora et al 2003)
Lineaments give a clue to movement and storage of groundwater (Subba et al 2001) and, are important guides for groundwater exploration
Many groundwater exploration projects made in many different countries have obtained higher success rates when sites for drilling were guided by lineament mapping (Teeuw 1995)
Summary
Groundwater resources are gaining increasing importance and they represent an increasing proportion of the water supplies used for different applications (Hernandez-Mora et al 2003). Groundwater plays an important role in supplying water to much of the global population for use for agriculture, drinking water, and industrial purposes (Luczaj 2016). Groundwater is a vital natural resource for reliable and economic provision of safe water supplies of both the urban and rural environments (Nwankwoala 2015). Nigeria is faced with increasing demands for water resources due to high population growth rate and growing prosperity (Nwankwoala 2011). The advantages of groundwater as a source of supply cannot be overemphasized especially where populations are still largely rural and demand are dispersed over large areas (Nwankwoala 2015). Groundwater offers the most abundant source of water to man and it is the cheapest and most constant in quality and quantity (Nwankwoala 2015)
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