Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater in Haditha Area, Al-Anbar Governorate, Western Iraq

Abstract

This research deals with the study of the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater to assess the quality of water and its suitability for different uses in the Haditha region. Thirty –Two samples were collected in July 2022,6 samples were taken from the Euphrates River and 17 samples from wells were analyzed. In this study, main cations ( Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and anions (Cl-, SO4, HCO3),Total dissolved Solids(TDS), pH, Electrical conductivity(EC), and Temperature(T) were studied. The results show that the water types are mainly earth-alkaline water with an increased portion of alkalis with prevailing SO4 and Cl according to Piper and Stiff diagram. The results of the water quality index (WQI) show that surface water are suitable for drinking while the groundwater is not suitable except for W1, W13, W15, W16 and W17. The classification of water for irrigation purposes according to the Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Residual sodium carbonate showed that the ground and surface water in this region is excellent and good quality according to Permeability Index. Irrigation water quality based on sodium ion percentage indicates that all samples belong to the permissible category for groundwater except for W1, W11, and W16, while Surface water is good quality for irrigation. Finally, the absence of management and low discharge, are the primary reasons for the continuous deterioration of water quality.