Abstract
AbstractThis work investigates the Physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater, in the district of Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. For this purpose, 47 groundwater samples are collected and analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulphate, chloride, fluoride and nitrate. Piper trilinear diagram is used to identify the contamination of major Physico-chemical facies and quality characteristics. USSL diagram stated that the C3S1 and C4S2 classes were suitable for irrigation purposes under the special management for salinity control. The geochemical analysis of TDS (325–6018 mg/l) and EC (464–8597 µs/cm) shows that the values are above the world health organization (WHO) standard limits, which is not suitable for drinking purpose. Spatial distribution result shows high EC values near Thirumanimuthar river. The samples pH values show alkaline nature (6.73–8.5) with a high concentration of Na and Cl. The Mg, Ca, K, SO4− and NO3− of groundwater samples exceed the limits of WHO, due to industrial waste and anthropogenic activity and possess health risk. Low values of permeability index (PI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) are suitable for plant growth and irrigation purpose in the studied region.KeywordsGroundwaterHydro-geochemistryContaminationSARRSC
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