Hydrogeochemical Characteristics, Quality Assessment and Health Impact Analysis of Groundwater for Drinking in the University of Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract

Groundwater is the major source of water supply for drinking in the Chittagong University (CU) campus. A comprehensive analysis, in terms of physico-chemical, geochemical, trace metals and biological parameters, was performed to ensure the suitability of groundwater for drinking. According to Piper, Chadha, Pie and Schoeller diagrams, Ca-Mg-HCO3 type water was found both in winter and summer seasons. Gibb’s plot specified that majority of the samples fell in the rock dominance. The multivariate analysis indicated that the hydrochemistry was governed by both the geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Comparison of physico-chemical factors, ionic compositions and trace metals results with standard values suggested that majority of the parameters were within the acceptable limit, except pH and Fe, for both seasons. Additionally, drinking water quality index (WQI) showed that groundwater could be categorized as ‘excellent to good’ rank in the 92% and 84% samples of summer and winter seasons, respectively. Though coliform were found in very few samples, however, no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk was observed. Collectively, CU campus groundwater is fit for drinking purpose. However, reduction of iron and removal of coliform are recommended. The present study may provide local authorities with insights into making rational decisions for sustainable groundwater management.