Abstract
Hydrogeochemical research and water quality evaluation are an important part of groundwater development and management projects in Dehui City, Jilin Province, China. We collected 217 groundwater samples in the study area and used two multivariate statistical methods, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis to classify groundwater; combined graphical method, piper diagram, and Gibbs diagram to characterize groundwater chemical types and distinguish the water chemical control mechanism; and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate groundwater quality. Three major categories have been identified. Most of the groundwater in the study area is Ca-HCO3 type water. The water chemistry control mechanism is determined to be based on water-rock interaction and less evaporation. From east to west in the study area, the total dissolved solids (TDS) gradually increased, and water quality gradually deteriorated. In the whole region, 79.26% of the groundwater is suitable for drinking. With Yinma River at the boundary, the water quality in the eastern part is excellent, while that in the southwest is poor. After appropriate treatment, it can be used in industry and agriculture. The excess NO3− is mainly affected by human activities. The unique geological conditions of the Songnen Plain result in an excess amount of Fe3+ and Mn2+ in some areas. This study determined the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area and distinguished water quality levels. The results will be helpful for the development and management of groundwater resources.
Highlights
Drinking water quality is an important environmental and social issue
Calculating the saturation index (SI) (Supplementary Figure S1), we found that most samples of calcite and dolomite in the study area are in an oversaturated state, except for salt rock, gypsum, and fluorite, which are in an undersaturated state
217 groundwater samples were collected to analyze their physical and chemical parameters, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to group the samples, and the fuzzy comprehensive method was used to evaluate the groundwater quality based on the grouping results
Summary
Drinking water quality is an important environmental and social issue. Quality monitoring and qualitative analysis of water based on data is a challenge, because of the uncertainties in all aspects of sampling and analysis [1]. Water quality conditions and changing trends are extremely important factors for groundwater distribution management. For the evaluation of drinking water in China, the single-factor evaluation method is often used, but it is extremely inflexible, and the evaluation results are quite limited and not objective enough. Method has been commonly used worldwide for the past ten years. It was developed by Horton (1965) [2]
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