Abstract
This work assessed the groundwater hydrogeochemistry and the drinking water quality of 10 wells supplying the urban area of Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in May 2018 (dry season) and November 2018 (wet season) to describe the chemistry of the water and its interaction with the rock. Physical and chemical constituents (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, color, turbidity, solids, total hardness, total alkalinity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands), major components (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42−, PO43−, HCO3−, CO32−, Cl−, N-NO3−, and N-NH3), as well as trace elements (As, Fe, Mn, Ba, Al, Sb, Co, V, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Tl, Pb) were analyzed. Results showed groundwater with a slight tendency to alkalinity. The hydrogeochemical facies observed are Ca2+-HCO3− in all sites. Hydrochemical diagrams indicate immature, cold, non-saline, and uncontaminated water with short residence time. Water–rock interaction predominates. The water in the study area is appropriate for drinking use according to Mexican and international regulations with an excellent quality in 7 wells and good in the other 3.
Highlights
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, playing a fundamental role in human health and wellness, socio-economic development, and ecosystem functioning
Groundwater quality is based on the behavior of physical and chemical parameters that are influenced by geological formations, atmospheric precipitation, inland surface water, and geochemical processes as they are in contact with the rock and the various anthropogenic activities [3]
The objective of this research was to carry out a geochemical study of the groundwater used as drinking water in Zamora, Mexico, by analyzing physicochemical parameters, major ions, and trace elements, together with chemical speciation, hydrogeochemical relationships, and spatial distribution maps
Summary
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, playing a fundamental role in human health and wellness, socio-economic development, and ecosystem functioning. It is widely used for various domestic, industrial, and irrigation activities [1]. Water chemistry provides valuable information to determine the origin, transit time, flow patterns and water regimes, geological structure, and mineralogy of aquifers, as well as hydrogeochemical processes. Specific water quality is required to meet both domestic and irrigation needs. Their monitoring and evaluation are essential to design preventive measures on human health, animal life, and vegetation [4]
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