Abstract
Bottled waters were analyzed for different chemical parameters and activity concentrations of radionuclides. The hydrocarbonate ion was dominant in all samples, while the major cation composition was a combination of Ca-Mg-Na ions. Physicochemical properties of bottled water samples are influenced by underlying geology. The sum of trace element concentrations varied from 79.7 to 9349.7 ?g/l. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) system was applied and contributions of some essential elements were calculated according to age group and gender. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) grouped bottled water samples into four clusters based on the similarities of the groundwater quality and essential elements concentrations. The origin of radioactivity is natural and could be traced to minerals in felsic igneous rocks. Two brands exhibited elevated beta activity (1.087?0.134 Bq/l; 1.242?0.146 Bq/l). Effective doses were found to be below the reference level of 0.1 mSv/yr.
Highlights
Bottled waters were analyzed for different chemical parameters and activity concentrations of radionuclides
The chemical composition of natural mineral water depends on many factors, including the mineralogy/ /lithology of the aquifer, residence time of the water, amount of solids and trace elements which can be soluble under appropriate pH and redox conditions [6,7,8,9]
The Schoeller diagram was used for a comparative view of bottled water quality (Fig. 2)
Summary
Bottled waters were analyzed for different chemical parameters and activity concentrations of radionuclides. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) grouped bottled water samples into four clusters based on the similarities of the groundwater quality and essential elements concentrations. The chemical composition of natural mineral water depends on many factors, including the mineralogy/ /lithology of the aquifer, residence time of the water, amount of solids and trace elements which can be soluble under appropriate pH and redox conditions [6,7,8,9]. In the last few years many studies have been focused on the hydrogeochemical properties of bottled waters [2,10,11,12,13,14,15], on the chemical composition of bottled waters and its health effects [16,17,18] and on the radiation dose estimations in various water samples [19,20,21]. The goal of the research was to examine the potential contribution of bottled waters to essential elements intake and exposure to ionizing radiation
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