Abstract
In recent years, the wide application of fluoride materials has grown rapidly, therefore excessive discharge in the surrounding environment, especially in drinking water and organic effluent, has become a potential hazard to humans, and has even resulted in fluorosis disease. The development of a highly effective and convenient method to recognize fluoride anions in surrounding environments seems necessary and urgent. Among which, the development of a colorimetric and fluorescence fluoride chemosensor with obvious color changing allowing for naked-eye detection with high sensitivity and selectivity is more interesting and challenging. In this minireview, current novel colorimetric and fluorescence chemosensors for fluoride anions by hydrogen-bond interaction are introduced, including obvious color changing by naked-eye detection, high sensitivity and selectivity, non-pollution and fluoride extraction ability, aqueous detection, and other additional functions. Finally, the perspective of the fluoride chemosensor design concept and potential evolution trends are pointed out.
Highlights
Fluoride anion, as the smallest anion, with the highest charge density and a hard Lewis basic nature, is a significant and essential element for the health of the human body and the development of human society (Xiong et al, 2013; Wu et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2020)
Excess fluoride in the human body can lead to bone and thyroid activity disorders (Wade et al, 2010); (ii) fluoride anion plays a key role in the chemical industry (Xuan et al, 2013), organic synthesis, biological and medical processes (Kleerekoper, 1998; Cametti and Rissanen, 2009), military applications, etc
The multi-functional properties of chemosensors subdivided into five aspects, including obvious color changing by naked-eye detection, high sensitivity and selectivity, non-pollution and fluoride extraction ability, aqueous detection, and other functions, are classified and recommended
Summary
As the smallest anion, with the highest charge density and a hard Lewis basic nature, is a significant and essential element for the health of the human body and the development of human society (Xiong et al, 2013; Wu et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2020). A colorimetric and fluorescence fluoride chemosensor with obvious color changing allowing naked-eye detection with high sensitivity and selectivity is more interesting and promising. Compared to the one-photon excited fluorescence fluoride chemosensors, the two-photon fluorescence ones are more interesting, in bio-imaging, which relies on long wavelength light with low energy excitation to obtain signals of short wavelength light change with high energy. These studies showed that a notable new emission band was observed under low fluoride ion concentrations by two-photon excitation (Figure 1A). The dyes of IDTI could quantitatively analyze fluoride concentrations with a detection limit of as low as 1 × 10−7 M
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