Abstract
Hydrogenation and isomerization of olefins are classic examples of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Both metals and oxides are catalysts for these reactions. This chapter describes the adsorption of hydrogen at room temperature and 128 mm on freshly activated zinc oxide. Rapid initial adsorption is followed by a slow adsorption that continues for days. This behavior is typical for oxides. When a metal surface is exposed to ethylene, self-hydrogenation and dimerization occur. These are surface reactions—the extent of these reactions is determined by the amount of surface available as a reactant. The over-all result is that a metal surface exposed to an olefin forms a variety of carbonaceous species of variable stoichiometry. The presence of this variety of relatively inert species confounds attempts to use physical techniques, such as infrared to characterize reactive surface species. Therefore, evidence for the surface species and intermediates over metals is based primarily on mechanistic inference.
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